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MacBinary  |  1994-11-12  |  8.5 KB  |  [TEXT/ttxt]

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100% file MacBinary II, inited, Sat Nov 12 02:35:32 1994, modified Sat Nov 12 02:35:32 1994, creator SimpleText, type ASCII, 8176 bytes "UltraShell� Help File" , at 0x2070 286 bytes resource default (weak)
99% file data default
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id metadata
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